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President of Afghanistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For a list, see List of heads of state of Afghanistan § Non-monarchs.

President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
د افغانستان ولسمشر (Pashto)
رئیس جمهور افغانستان (Dari)
Emblem of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Presidential standard
StatusOffice abolished
Member ofCabinet
ResidenceThe Arg
SeatKabul
AppointerDirect election
Term length5 years, renewable once
PrecursorKing of Afghanistan
Formation
  • 17 July 1973 (1973-07-17) (original)
  • 7 December 2004 (2004-12-07) (latest form)
First holderMohammed Daoud Khan
Final holderAshraf Ghani
Abolished15 August 2021 (2021-08-15)
Superseded bySupreme Leader
DeputyVice President
Salary؋960,000 monthly[1]
Websitepresident.gov.af (inactive)
(15 August 2021 archive)

The president of the Republic of Afghanistan was constitutionally the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Afghanistan (1987–1992) and Commander-in-Chief of the Afghan Armed Forces.

After the Fall of Kabul in 1992, he was deposed and replaced by the Islamic State.

Eligibility and selection process

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Article 62 of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan stated that a candidate for the office of President had to:[2]

Powers

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The 2004 Constitution granted the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national bicameral National Assembly, the House of the People (Wolesi Jirga) and the House of Elders (Meshrano Jirga). A president could only serve up to two five-year terms.

Hamid Karzai began his first five-year term in 2004.[3] After his second term ended in 2014, Ashraf Ghani was elected as the next Afghan president.[4]

Politics of Afghanistan
Constitution
Government
Judiciary
Law enforcement
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
flag Afghanistan portal

This is a list of Presidents of Afghanistan. Afghanistan has only intermittently been a republic – between 1973–1992 and from 2001 onward – at other times being governed by a variety of kings, emirs, as well as mujahideen and Taliban leaders in the 1990s.

The present constitution of Afghanistan grants the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national parliament. These were a subject of considerable controversy when debated by the country's Loya jirga ("Grand assembly") in December 2003. However, they were seen by the Transitional Administration and its Western backers as being essential to securing the stability of Afghanistan.

The former president Hamid Karzai became the first ever democratically elected head of state in Afghanistan on December 7, 2004. The current president is Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, since September 29, 2014.

List

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Name Portrait Lifespan Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)
Mohammed Daoud Khan 1909–1978 17 July 1973 28 April 1978 4 years, 285 days Independent
(until 1976)
National Revolutionary Party
President; Member of the Barakzai dynasty (first cousin of Mohammed Zahir Shah); Assassinated with most of his family during the Saur Revolution.[5] Shortly afterwards, the new military leaders announced that Khan was killed for refusing to surrender.[6]
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992)
Colonel
Abdul Qadir 		1944–2014 28 April 1978 30 April 1978 2 days People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Military Revolutionary Council
Nur Muhammad Taraki 1917–1979 30 April 1978 14 September 1979 1 year, 137 days People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated by orders of Hafizullah Amin
Hafizullah Amin 1929–1979 14 September 1979 27 December 1979 104 days People's Democratic Party
(Khalq faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Assassinated by Soviet special forces during the Operation Storm-333[7]
Babrak Karmal 1929–1996 27 December 1979 24 November 1986 6 years, 332 days People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Dismissed
Haji Mohammad Chamkani 1947–2012 24 November 1986 30 September 1987 310 days Independent
Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council; Appointed as part of the National Reconciliation process
Mohammad Najibullah 1947–1996 30 September 1987 16 April 1992 4 years, 199 days People's Democratic Party
(Parcham faction)
(until 1990)
Homeland Party
President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council until 30 November 1987); Resigned
Abdul Rahim Hatif 1926–2013 16 April 1992 28 April 1992 12 days Homeland Party
Acting President; Deposed
Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002)
Sibghatullah Mojaddedi 1926–2019 28 April 1992 28 June 1992 61 days National Liberation Front of Afghanistan
Acting President; Resigned
Burhanuddin Rabbani 1940–2011 28 June 1992 22 December 2001 9 years, 167 days Jamiat-e Islami
President; Between 1996 and 2001, the Islamic State remained the internationally recognized government, despite only controlling about 10% of Afghan territory
Hamid Karzai born 1957 22 December 2001 13 July 2002 203 days Independent
Acting President
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
Mullah
Mohammed Omar 		1960–2013 27 September 1996 13 November 2001 5 years, 47 days Taliban
Emir and Commander of the Faithful; The Islamic Emirate never attained widespread international recognition, despite controlling about 90% of Afghan territory; Deposed
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004)
Hamid Karzai born 1957 13 July 2002 7 December 2004 2 years, 147 days Independent
Transitional President; Appointed at the 2002 loya jirga
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
Hamid Karzai born 1957 7 December 2004 29 September 2014 9 years, 296 days Independent
President; First democratically elected head of state; Elected in 2004 and re-elected in 2009
Ashraf Ghani born 1949 29 September 2014 15 August 2021 6 years, 320 days Independent
President; First peaceful transition of power; Elected in 2014 and re-elected in 2019; He escaped from Afghanistan, during the Fall of Kabul[8]
Amrullah Saleh born 1972 17 August 2021 6 September 2021 20 days Independent
First Vice President; Claimed the position of caretaker president based on Article 67 of the 2004 Constitution[9]
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021–present)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Afghanistan's lower house approves President Karzai's salary and expenses amount". Wadsam. 1 June 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  2. ^ "The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan". Government of Afghanistan. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  3. ^ Gall, Carlotta (4 November 2004). "Election of Karzai Is Declared Official". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  4. ^ "Ashraf Ghani sworn in as new Afghan president". BBC News. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  5. ^ "There was, therefore, little to hinder the assault mounted by the rebel 4th Armored Brigade, led by Major Mohammad Aslam Watanjar, who had also been prominent in Daoud's own coup five years before. Watanjar first secured the airport, where the other coup leader, Colonel Abdul Qadir, left by helicopter for the Bagram air base. There he took charge and organized air strikes on the presidential palace, where Daoud and the presidential guard were conducting a desperate defense. Fighting continued the whole day and into the night, when the defenders were finally overwhelmed. Daoud and almost all of his family members, including women and children, died in the fighting. Altogether there were possibly as many as two thousand fatalities, both military and civilian." p. 88 of Ewans, Martin (2002) Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics HarperCollins, New York, Page 88 ISBN 0-06-050507-9
  6. ^ "1978: Afghan coup rebels claim victory". 29 April 1978 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  7. ^ "How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace". BBC. 27 December 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  8. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/world/asia/afghanistan-president-ashraf-ghani.html. Retrieved 31 August 2021
  9. ^ Landay, Jonathan; Macfie, Nick; Boyle, John (17 August 2021). "Afghan vice president says he is "caretaker" president". Reuters. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
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